Understanding The Different Types of Bipolar Disorder
You’ve likely heard about bipolar disorder before, either by knowing someone with this condition or hearing about it in media productions. But did you know that there’s more than one type of bipolar disorder? As a matter of fact, there’s a least seven types of bipolar disorder, each with its own characteristics and symptoms.
By understanding the different types of bipolar disorder a person may have, we are able to provide more effective and appropriate treatment and support.
What is Bipolar Disorder?
Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition that affects mood, energy levels and the ability to function. It is characterized by mood swings of intense highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). It is part of a broader category of mood disorders and can significantly impact daily life. The mood swings in bipolar disorder are more severe than the typical ups and downs that everyone experiences and can disrupt relationships, job performance and daily activities.
What Are The 7 Types of Bipolar Disorder?
While sources vary on the exact number of specific bipolar disorder types, there are at least seven recognized forms. They include:
Bipolar I disorder
Bipolar I disorder is defined by manic episodes that last at least seven days or by manic symptoms that are so severe that immediate hospital care is needed. Depressive episodes may also occur, typically lasting at least two weeks. Episodes of depression with mixed features (having depressive symptoms and manic symptoms simultaneously) are also possible.
Bipolar I is often managed with a combination of medication, therapy (such as dialectical behavior therapy) and lifestyle adjustments. Support groups can also be beneficial.
Bipolar II disorder
Bipolar II disorder involves a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes which are less severe than the manic episodes in Bipolar I disorder. While the highs in Bipolar II are not as extreme, the depressive episodes can be quite debilitating.
As with Bipolar disorder I, a combination of medication, therapy and lifestyle changes are often advised.
Cyclothymic disorder (Cyclothymia)
Cyclothymic disorder is characterized by periods of hypomanic symptoms as well as periods of depressive symptoms lasting for at least two years (one year in children and adolescents). However, the symptoms do not meet the diagnostic requirements for a hypomanic episode and a depressive episode.
Due to the complex nature of this form of bipolar disorder, consistent monitoring is often recommended. This may be done by a mental health care professional in an inpatient or residential treatment setting, as this gives the person 24/7 access to care.
Rapid cycling bipolar disorder
Rapid cycling is a term used when a person with bipolar disorder experiences four or more episodes of mania, hypomania or depression within a year. Rapid cycling can occur with Bipolar I or Bipolar II disorder and can lead to a more severe course of the illness.
Treatment options for this type of bipolar disorder may include outpatient mental health treatment (with emphasis on medication management and specific therapeutic programming) but may also require inpatient treatment if symptoms are more severe.
Bipolar disorder with mixed features
This type of bipolar disorder involves experiencing symptoms of both depression and mania or hypomania at the same time. This can be particularly challenging to diagnose and treat, as the symptoms can be confusing and conflicting.
Treatment options may vary based on the features present in the person dealing with this type of bipolar disorder, but often include a combination of medication, therapy and support groups.
Bipolar disorder with seasonal pattern
Also known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD), this type of bipolar disorder is characterized by mood episodes that follow a seasonal pattern. For example, a person might experience depressive episodes during the winter months and hypomanic episodes during the summer.
With this type of bipolar disorder, treatment options that help patients manage their behaviors and emotions are beneficial. This may include cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness practices or medication (when needed).
Unspecified bipolar disorder
Unspecified bipolar disorder is diagnosed when symptoms of bipolar disorder do not match the specific criteria for Bipolar I, Bipolar II, or cyclothymic disorder. This category is used when there is clear evidence of abnormal mood elevation but the pattern of symptoms does not fit into the other categories.
As with bipolar disorder with mixed features, treatment may vary based on the symptoms and needs of the person.
Managing Bipolar Disorder
As we have observed, effective management of bipolar disorder typically involves a combination of medication, therapeutic practices, lifestyle changes and support. Here are some strategies:
Medication
Medication is often a cornerstone of bipolar disorder treatment. Mood stabilizers, antipsychotic medications and antidepressants can help manage symptoms. It’s important to work closely with a healthcare provider to find the right medication and dosage.
Therapy
Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), can be beneficial. Therapy can help individuals understand their condition, develop coping strategies and improve their relationships.
Lifestyle changes
Lifestyle changes can also play a significant role in managing bipolar disorder. Regular exercise, a healthy diet, adequate sleep and avoiding alcohol and drugs can help stabilize mood swings.
Support systems
Building a strong support system is crucial. This can include support groups, family, friends and mental health professionals. Support systems provide emotional support, practical assistance and help in maintaining treatment plans.
Help Is Available at Sierra Vista Hospital
If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of bipolar disorder, it’s important to seek professional help. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a significant difference in managing the condition and improving quality of life.
Understanding the different types of bipolar disorder is essential for providing effective support and treatment. Remember, managing bipolar disorder is a journey, and with the right resources and support, it is possible to navigate the challenges and thrive.
Sierra Vista Hospital, located in Sacramento, California, is here for your mental and behavioral health needs. We provide inpatient and outpatient psychiatric services to adults and adolescents seeking improved mental well-being. Our individualized treatment plans aim to meet each person’s needs and challenges.
Learn more about how we can help by giving us a call at 916-273-4300 or get in contact with us by using this form.
